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Here, the value of tos is checked If it is zero, the stack is empty Otherwise, tos is decremented, and the element at that index is returned Although Push( ) and Pop( ) are the only methods needed to implement a stack, some others are quite useful, and the Stack class defines four more These are IsFull( ), IsEmpty( ), Capacity( ), and GetNum( ), and they provide information about the state of the stack They are shown here:

// Return true if the stack is full public bool IsFull() { return tos==stckLength; } // Return true if the stack is empty public bool IsEmpty() { return tos==0; } // Return total capacity of the stack

If you capitalize all letters within an E-mail, you re likely to hear from your reader, Stop shouting at me! All caps are considered shouting

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public int Capacity() { return stckLength; }

// Return number of objects currently on the stack public int GetNum() { return tos; }

The IsFull( ) method returns true when the stack is full and false otherwise The IsEmpty( ) method returns true when the stack is empty and false otherwise To obtain the total capacity of the stack (that is, the total number of elements it can hold), call Capacity( ) To obtain the number of elements currently stored on the stack, call GetNum( ) These methods are useful because the information they provide requires access to tos, which is private They are also examples of how public methods can provide safe access to private members The following program demonstrates the stack:

1 A solid has base the unit circle in the x-y plane and vertical slices, parallel to the y-axis, which are discs with centers in the x-y plane and diameters extending across the base circle Calculate the volume of this solid 2 A solid has base a unit square with center at the origin and vertices on the x- and y- axes at the points ( 1, 0) and (0, 1) The vertical cross section of this solid, parallel to the y-axis, is an equilateral triangle What is the volume of this solid 3 Set up the integral to calculate the volume enclosed when the indicated curve over the indicated interval is rotated about the indicated line Do not evaluate the integral 2 x 4 x-axis (a) y = x 3 3 (b) y = x 1 x 8 y-axis 0 x 2 y = 1 (c) y = x 1/2 (d) y = x + 3 1 x 2 y=4 1/2 4 x 6 x = 1 (e) y = x (f) y = cos x 0 x /2 y=0 4 Set up the integral to evaluate the indicated surface area Do not evaluate (a) The area of the surface obtained when y = x 1/3 , 0 x 4, is rotated about the x-axis (b) The area of the surface obtained when y = x 1/5 , 1 x 3, is rotated about the y-axis (c) The area of the surface obtained when y = x 3 , 0 x 3, is rotated about the line y = 2 (d) The area of the surface obtained when y = cos x, 0 x /2, is rotated about the x-axis (e) The area of the surface obtained when y = x 1/3 , 1 x 4, is rotated about the line x = 2 (f) The area of the surface obtained when y = x 4 , 0 x 1, is rotated about the x-axis 5 A water tank has a submerged window that is in the shape of a circle of radius 3 feet The center of this circular window is 10 feet below the surface Set up, but do not calculate, the integral for the pressure on the lower half of this window---assuming that water weighs 624 pounds per cubic foot.

// Demonstrate the Stack class using System; class StackDemo { static void Main() Stack stk1 = new Stack stk2 = new Stack stk3 = new char ch; int i;

{ Stack(10); Stack(10); Stack(10);

// Put some characters into stk1 ConsoleWriteLine("Push A through J onto stk1"); for(i=0; !stk1IsFull(); i++) stk1Push((char) ('A' + i)); if(stk1IsFull()) ConsoleWriteLine("stk1 is full"); // Display the contents of stk1 ConsoleWrite("Contents of stk1: "); while( !stk1IsEmpty() ) { ch = stk1Pop(); ConsoleWrite(ch); } ConsoleWriteLine(); if(stk1IsEmpty()) ConsoleWriteLine("stk1 is empty\n"); // Put more characters into stk1 ConsoleWriteLine("Again push A through J onto stk1"); for(i=0; !stk1IsFull(); i++) stk1Push((char) ('A' + i)); // Now, pop from stk1 and push the element in stk2

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